Identificação de helmintos encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil / Identification of helminths found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil / Identificación de helmintos encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, Bahía, Brasil

O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer a descrição morfológica e a identificação de Nematoda encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Foram coletadas 56 amostras de 500 mL em todos os pontos das etapas aeróbias do tratamento. As amostras foram processadas para estudo em microscopia óptica de campo claro (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram encontradas larvas L1e L4, classificadas de acordo com o tamanho. As larvas L1 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 255,0μm; diâmetro Md = 15,0μm; vestíbulo bucal Md = 10,0μm; esôfago Md = 82,5μm; e cauda Md = 26,2μm. As larvas L4 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 740,0μm; diâmetro Md = 42,0μm; vestíbulo bucal Md = 22,5μm; esôfago Md = 200,0μm; e cauda Md = 47,5μm. Fêmeas adultas também foram encontradas, caracterizando-se por apresentam esôfago rabditoide, maturação sexual com presença de ovos na tuba uterina em diferentes fases de formação embrionária. Alguns ovos foram vistos larvados, sugerindo um padrão de larviparidade. Os vermes foram considerados de vida livre e classificadas como da Ordem Rhabditida, Família Strongyloidae e Gênero Strongyloides...

The objective of this work was to morphologically describe and identify Nematoda found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. A total of 56 samples with 500-mL each were collected at all points in the aerobic treatment stages. The samples were processed for bright field light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). L1 and L4 larvae were found, classified according to size. L1 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=255.0-μm length; Md=15.0-μm diameter; Md=10.0-μm oral vestibule; Md=82.5-μm esophagus; and Md=26.2 μm tail. L4 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=740.0-μm length; Md=42.0-μm diameter; Md=22.5-μm oral vestibule; Md=200.0-μm esophagus; and Md=47.5-μm tail. Adult females have also been found, characterized by rhabditoid esophagus, sexual maturation with presence of eggs in the uterine tube at different stages of embryo formation. Some eggs were seen at larvae stage, suggesting a pattern of larvae parity. The worms were considered as free-living and classified in the Rhabditida order, Strongyloidae Family and Strongyloides genus...

El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la descripción morfológica y la identificación de Nematodo encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, BAHIA, Brasil. Fueron recogidas 56 muestras de 500 mL en todos los puntos de las etapas aerobias del tratamiento. Las muestras fueron procesadas para estudio en microscopía óptica de campo claro (MO) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se encontraron larvas L1 y L4, clasificados según el tamaño. Las larvas L1 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=255.0μm; diámetro Md=15.0μm; vestíbulo oral Md=10.0 µm; esófago Md=82,5μm; y cola Md=26.2μm. Las larvas L4 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=740.0μm; diámetro Md=42.0μm; vestíbulo oral Md=22,5μm; esófago Md=200.0μm; y cola Md=47.5μm. También se han encontrado hembras adultas, caracterizándose por presentar esófago rabditoide, maduración sexual con presencia de huevos en las trompas uterina en diferentes etapas de la formación del embrión. Algunos huevos fueron vistos larvados, sugiriendo un estándar de larviparidad. Los gusanos fueron considerados de vida libre y clasificados como de Orden Rhabditida, Familia Strongyloidae y género Strongyloides...

Occurrence of gastrointestinal and renal helminths in Zenaida auriculata (Des Murs, 1847) trap-captured from Brazil / Ocorrência de helmintos gastrintestinais e renais em Zenaida auriculata (Des Murs, 1847) capturados no Brasil

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and renal helminths from naturally infected Zenaida auriculata captured in Londrina, Paraná State. Two hundred and one Eared doves were trapped and the gastrointestinal and renal helminths were collected and identified according to morphological structures. One hundred and sixteen (57.71%) doves were parasitized by helminths with specific prevalences for Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus in 50 doves (24.88%), Ascaridia columbae in 47 (23.38%), Paratanaisia bragai and P. confusa in 34 (16.92%),Tetrameres fissispina in 17 (8.46%), Synhimantus nasuta in 14 (6.47%), Brachylaima mazzantii in 4 (1.99%) and Raillietina allomyodes in 2 doves (1.00%). Seventy four/201 (37.00%) birds were infected with only one species, and 96/201 (48.00%) pigeons were infected with nematodes. The association between different classes of helminths occurred in 40/201 (20.00%) animals. The results showed statistically differences between the presence of nematode (p = 0.00001) and trematode species (p ≤ 0.05) in the doves, and there was an association between the local of capture and the presence of trematodes and A. columbae (p ≤ 0.05). This study is the first to report the infection of Z. auriculata from Brazil with O. quadriradiatus, A. columbae, T. fissispina, S. nasuta, R. allomyodes, P. bragai and P. confusa.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de helmintos gastrintestinais e renais de Zenaida auriculata naturalmente infectados capturados em Londrina, Paraná. Duzentos e um pombos-de-bando foram capturados e os helmintos gastrintestinais e renais foram coletados e identificados de acordo com as estruturas morfológicas. Cento e dezesseis (57,71%) pombos estavam parasitados por helmintos com as seguintes prevalências: Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus em 50 pombos (24,88%), seguido por Ascaridia columbae em 47 (23,38%), Paratanaisia bragai e P. confusa em 34 (16,92%), Tetrameres fissispina em 17 (8,46%), Synhimantus nasuta em 14 (6,47%), Brachylaima mazzantii em 4 (1,99%) e Raillietina allomyodes em 2 pombos (1,00%). Setenta e quatro/201 (37,00%) aves apresentaram-se infectadas por apenas uma espécie, e 96/201 (48,00%) pombos com nematodas. A associação entre diferentes classes de helmintos ocorreu em 40/201 (20,00%) animais. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatísticas entre a presença de nematodas (p = 0,00001) e trematodas (p ≤ 0,05) em pombos, e houve associação entre o local de captura e a presença de trematodas e A. columbae (p ≤ 0,05). Este trabalho é o primeiro a relatar a infecção de Z. auriculata no Brasil com O. quadriradiatus, A. columbae, T. fissispina, S. nasuta, R. allomyodes, P. bragaie P. confusa.

Two Human Cases Infected by the Horsehair Worm, Parachordodes sp. (Nematomorpha: Chordodidae), in Japan

The present study was performed to describe 2 human cases infected by the horsehair worm, Parachordodes sp., in Japan. Two gordiid worms were collected in the vomit and excreta of an 80-year-old woman in November 2009 in Kyoto city, and in the mouth of 1-year-old boy in December 2009 in Nara city, Japan, respectively. Both worms were males having bifurcated posterior ends and male gonads in cross sectional specimens. They were identified as Parachordodes sp. (Nematomorpha: Chordodidae) based on the characteristic morphologies of cross sections and areoles in the cuticle. DNA analysis on 18S rRNA partial sequence arrangements was also carried out and both worms were assumed to be close to the genus Paragordionus based on tree analysis, and far from Gordius sp. which has already been reported in humans in Japan. DNA sequencing of the Parachordodes worm does not appear on the database; therefore, more information on the gene sequences of the genus Parachordodes from humans, animals, or intermediates is required.

Dados morfométricos de larvas infectantes de helmintos gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes do semi-árido do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / Morphometric data of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminant in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Datos morfométricos de larvas infecciosas de helmintos gastrointestinales de pequeños rumiantes en el semiárido del Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Os nematóides gastrintestinais possuem uma distribuição cosmopolita, variando nas regiões em função do clima, raças dos animais e manejo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as variações morfométricas das larvas infectantes dos nematóides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes criados no semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte. As larvas foram recuperadas através da coprocultura, identificadas segundo o gênero e realizada a morfometria com auxílio da ocular micrométrica em objetiva de 20X, com fator de correção de 0,667. Um total de 703 larvas infectantes foi avaliado morfometricamente. Para a morfometria do gênero foram utilizados os seguintes caracteres: comprimento total da larva (CTL), distância da cauda da larva a cauda da bainha (DCL-DCB); distância do pólo anal à ponta da cauda da larva (DPA-DPC), largura (L) e comprimento da cauda da larva (CL). A morfometria encontrada vem orientar estudos posteriores quanto às larvas infectantes de helmintos gastrintestinais adaptados à região. Foi possível observar que, baseado nos caracteres morfométricos analisados, existem quatro grupos distintos e estes separam exatamente os gêneros estudados: Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum e Haemonchus.

Gastrointestinal nematodes present a cosmopolitan distribution, varying in the areas in function of the climate, races of the animals and handling. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphometric variations of the infective larvae of the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and sheep kept in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte. The larvae were recovered from coproculture, identified according to gender and morphometry conducted by using a 20X ocular micrometer with the correction factor of 0.667. A total of 703 infective larvae were evaluated morphometrically. The following characters were used for the gender morphometry: total length of the larvae (CTL), distance of the tail of the larvae the tail of the hem (DCLDCB); distance of the anal pole to the tip of the tail of the larvae (DPA-DPC), width (L) and length of the tail of the larvae (CL). The morphometry found might guide subsequent studies related to the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes adapted to the area. Thus, it was possible to observe that based on the characters morphometrically analyzed, there are four different groups and they separate the studied genre (Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum and Haemonchus).

Los nematóides gastrointestinales poseen una distribución cosmopolita, variando en las regiones en función del clima, razas de los animales y manejo. El presente estudio tuvo como objeto evaluar las variaciones morfométricas de las larvas infecciosas de los nematóides gastrointestinales en pequeños rumiantes creados en el semiárido del Rio Grande do Norte. Las larvas fueron recuperadas mediante coprocultura, identificadas según el género y realizada la morfometría con auxilio de la ocular micrométrica en objetiva de 20X, con factor de corrección de 0,667. Un total de 703 larvas infecciosas fueron evaluadas morfométricamente. Para la morfometría del género fueron utilizados los siguientes caracteres: longitud total de la larva (CTL), distancia de la cola de la larva a la cola de la vaina (DCL-DCB); distancia del polo anal a la punta de la cola de la larva (DPA-DPC), ancho (L) y longitud de la cola de la larva (CL). La morfometría encontrada vino orientar estudios posteriores cuanto a las larvas infecciosas de helmintos gastrointestinales adaptados a la región. Fue posible observar que, basado en los caracteres morfométricos analizados, existen cuatro grupos distintos e estos separan exactamente los géneros estudiados: Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Oesophagostomum y Haemonchus.

The community of gastrointestinal helminths in the housemouse, Mus musculus, in Santiago, Chile

The house mouse, Mus musculus, has been present in Chile since approximately 1600 AD and it is the most tipically synanthropic rodent in Chile. In order to know its parasites a survey was conducted in three different localities in Santiago. The helminthes community was poor in species and only three nematodes species were found: Syphacia obvelata,Aspiculuris tetraptera and Physaloptera calnuensl All these species constitutes the first record in Chile. This is also the first record of P. calnuensis in this host. Syphacia obvelata was the most abundant and the most prevalent.

El ratón doméstico, Mus musculus, está en Chile desde aproximadamente el 1600 DC. y es el más sinantrópico de los roedores chilenos. Para conocer sus parásitos se realizó un estudio en tres diferentes localidades de Santiago. La comunidad de helmintos fue pobre en especies y sólo se encontraron tres especies de helmintos: Syphacia obvelata, Aspiculuris tetraptera y Physaloptera calnuensis; todas estas especies constituyen el primer registro para Chile. Esté es también el primer hallazgo de P. calnuensis en este hospedador. Syphacia obvelata fue la especie más prevalente y abundante.

Helmintofauna del roedor Abrothrix olivaceus (Sigmodontinae) en áreas sub-urbanas de Santiago de Chile / The helminthfauna of the rodent Abrothrix olivaceus (Sigmodontinae) in su-urban localities of Santiago, Chile

The wild rodent, Abrothrix olivaceus, is a widespread species in Chile using different habitats troughout the territory. Its helminthfauna has been partially studied in wild enviroments in Chile. In this work five nematodes and one species ofcestode were found. Three of them are first record in this host: Syphacia obvelata, Physaloptera calnuensis and Heterakis spumosa, and this last one, is first record in Chile. It is suggested that one structuring factor is the locality: one of the three localities studied had more mean abundance and prevalence in two parasites species and as a component community. It is also suggested that other structuring factor of this helminth community is the introduction of parasites from foreign species. This is the first study of its helminthes in sub-urban localities and in the Region Metropolitana.

El ratón oliváceo (Abrothrix olivaceus) se distribuye ampliamente a lo largo de Chile abarcando diversos ambientes. Su helmintofauna ha sido parcialmente estudiada en diversas áreas silvestres del país. En este trabajo se encontraron cinco especies de nemátodes y un cestode. Tres de estas especies parásitas se registran por primera vez en este hospedador: Syphacia obvelata, Physaloptera calnuensis y Heterakis spumosa, y esta última se registra por primera vez en Chile. Se sugiere que uno de los factores estructurantes es la localidad de muestreo: una de las tres localidades estudiadas presentó significativamente mayor abundancia media y prevalencia en dos especies de parásitos y como comunidad componente. Se sugiere que otro factor estructurante es la introducción de parásitos desde especies exóticas. Éste es el primer estudio de la helmintofauna de este roedor en localidades suburbanas y en la Región Metropolitana.

Helminths of the Spotted Nothura, Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815) (Aves, Tinamidae) in South America

This study refers to the helminth fauna of the Spotted Nothura, Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815), on the basis of samples deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, and also on bibliographical data. The helminth survey of N. maculosa is represented by the digenetic trematode Brachylaemus (Centrodes) centrodes (Braun, 1901) Travassos & Kohn, 1964, by two cestode species, one included in Hymenolepis Weiland, 1858 and the other identified as Fuhrmannetta elongata (Fuhrmann, 1908), by the nematodes Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788) Freeborn, 1923, Heterakis spiculatus (Cobbold, 1861) Travassos, 1918, Subulura olympioi Barreto, 1918, Eucoleus penidoi Freitas & Lins, 1935, Hadjelia curvata Vaz & Pereira, 1935, Hempelia hempeli Vaz, 1936, Tetracheilonema quadrilabiatum (Molin, 1858), one species included in Capillaria Zeder, 1800, and another in Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912; the acanthocephalan is represented by Mediorhynchus pintoi Travassos, 1923. Fuhrmannetta elongata is referred for the first time in this host since its proposal in 1908. There is a report of the finding of the habronematid nematode Procyrnea cameroni Gupta & Kazim, 1978 from N. maculosa in Brazil; the species is not illustrated taking into account the status of the original reference. The probable occurrence of the digeneans Prosthogonimus ovatus (Rudolphi, 1803), Athesmia heterolecithodes (Braun, 1899) Looss, 1899, and the nematode Heterakis brasiliana Linstow, 1899, is indicated.

A survey of helminth infection in rats (Rattus spp) from Chiang Mai Moat.

An investigation of helminths in the Norway (brown) rat, Rattus norvegicus, and roof rat, Rattus rattus, from Chiang Mai Moat during May to August 1995, was done. Thirty-three out of thirty-eight trapped rats were infected (86.84%); 16 R. norvegicus (100%) and 17/22 R. rattus (77.27%). The rat was infected with 10 helminth species: 4 trematodes, Centrocestus sp (2.63%), Echinostoma ilocanum (10.52%), Echinostoma malayanum (10.52%) and Quinqueseralis quinqueseralis (39.47%); 2 cestodes, Raillietina sp (36.64%) and Taenia sp (cysticercus) (7.89%); and 4 nematodes, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (42.10%). Nippostrongylus sp (34.21%), Rictularia sp (52.63%) and egg of Capillaria hepatica (7.89%). The helminths were found in the small intestine (84.21%), large intestine (42.10%), lung (36.64%), stomach (28.94%), heart (23.94%), and liver (15.78%). The female Norway rats were infected with 10 species of helminths and the males with 6 species. In the roof rat, 7 species of helminths were found in females and 6 species in males.